There are no linux containers. It is all just process isolation via namespaces and cgroups.

That’s it.

Everything else is just abstraction layers on top to have some easier tooling.

Let me just drop my materials for a talk i’ve given about basically this topic: https://codeberg.org/flart/you_suck_at_shell_scripting/src/branch/main/you_suck.md

Mainly because: The linked article is all nice and dandy, but it completely ignores the topic of double brackets and why they’re nice.

And also, and this is my very strong opinion: if you end up thinking about exception handling (like the mentioned traps) in shell scripts, you should stop immediately and switch to a proper programming language.

Shell scripts are great, i love them. But they have an area they’re good for and a lot of areas where they aren’t.